Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, is a holy period of reflection for Muslims, observed with fasting and communal prayer. In 2026, the month began on Feb. 17 with the sighting of the crescent moon, and it will last until the next crescent moon on March 19. Traditional greetings during the month include “Ramadan Mubarak,” meaning “blessed Ramadan,” and “Ramadan Kareem,” meaning “generous Ramadan.” During Ramadan, many Muslims fast from dawn, known as fajr, until sunset, known as maghrib, abstaining from food and drink during daylight hours. According to Islamic tradition, fasting is required for Muslims who have reached puberty, though exemptions are made for certain groups, including pregnant people, young children and others with valid circumstances. Some who miss fasting days may make them up later or provide meals to those in need. The end of Ramadan is marked by the celebration of Eid al-Fitr, when families gather to share special meals, exchange gifts and give charity to those in need.